From Linux Commands - A practical reference:
Show kernel version and system architecture
uname -a
Show if it is 64 bit
uname -m
Show name and version of distribution
head -n1 /etc/issue
Show all partitions registered on the system
cat /proc/partitions
Show RAM total seen by the system
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
Show CPU(s) info
grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
Show info about disk sda
hdparm -i /dev/sda
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